A Modest Proposal By Jonathan Swift - 813 Words

Jonathan Swift, author of the satirical piece â€Å"A Modest Proposal,† organized an outrageous proposal to the people of Ireland. In this pamphlet, Swift offered his personal views on how to overcome Ireland’s issue of overpopulation and poverty. By raising nationwide attention, Swift plan to shock the readers by emphasizing the idea of cannibalism as a way to deal with Ireland’s problems. Swift’s technique of audience, tone, and pathos help determine the advantages and disadvantages of â€Å"A Model Proposal†. To begin with, Swift intended his audience to be the beggars and rich land lords of Dublin, Ireland. By making a controversial proposal, Swift wanted to spread awareness about Dublin’s current issues of poverty and overpopulation. Swift shows this by saying,’ for their helpless infants who, as they grow up, either turn thieves for want of work, or leave their dear native country, to fight for the Pretender in Spain, or sell themselves to the Barbadoes† (8). As an offspring of a beggar, that child is destined to live a life of misfortune and failure. Therefore, Swift attempt to find out a fair, cheap, and easy Method for converting the starving children of Ireland into sound and useful members of the Commonwealth. By targeting the poor, Swift strengthens â€Å"A Modest Proposal† by finding a solution to a nationwide problem. Another advantage of Swift’s proposal are financial gains. Swift then began to discuss the price and meat qualities of a 1-Year old child. These children,Show MoreRelatedA Modest Proposal By Jonathan Swift Essay836 Words   |  4 PagesIn Jonathan Swift’s â€Å"A Modest Proposal†, we are exposed to the timeless issue of homelessness and the state’s role in their social welfare. Swift was a fervent Irish patriot who was disgusted by the flourishing trend of beggars and hungry children that flooded the streets of his beloved country. This topic is relatable as this is a social issue that plagues many countries in the present age. Swift presents a satirical argument in which he proposes Ireland adopt the horrific practices of eating theirRead MoreA Modest Proposal By Jonathan Swift1647 Words   |  7 PagesSatire in â€Å"A Modest Proposal† and Different Articles Jonathan Swift, author of â€Å"A Modest Proposal,† tries to present different ideas in order to change the situation of Ireland. Through his proposal, he is able to get people’s attention, and the way he uses satire throughout the article made his argument more successful. He wrote this essay to show how ignored and bad the state of Ireland and its social classes are. In â€Å"A Modest Proposal†, Swift effectively uses rhetorical exaggeration to expressRead MoreA Modest Proposal By Jonathan Swift982 Words   |  4 Pages Jonathan Swift, author of â€Å"A Modest Proposal,† tries to present different ideas in order to change the situation of Ireland. Through his proposal, he is able to get his point across. He wrote this essay to show how undeveloped and bad the state of Ireland is and the social classes. In â€Å"A Modest Proposal†, Swift effectively uses insincerity, sarcasm, and rhetorical exaggeration to reveal his annoyance of politicians, papists, and overall citizens of poverty-stricken Ireland in the late seventeenthRead MoreA Modest Proposal By Jonathan Swift1333 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"A modest proposal† by Jonathan Swift is an essay, which was written to elaborate the poverty of people in Ireland. Where poor viewed as having an absence of worth in the public eye, playing no essential part in more noteworthy else s benefit of the people. Swift uses situational irony in this essay which also represented a work of satire. By definition situational irony happens when th e final outcome is opposing to what was expected. Basically his proposal was for poor children roaming around theRead MoreA Modest Proposal By Jonathan Swift860 Words   |  4 PagesI was informed to read â€Å"A Modest Proposal† by Jonathan Swift as an assignment for creating annotated bibliographies, I began to develop an interest on how Swift came about the matter of his request into rebuilding Ireland s economy and way of life. I believed that Swift added cannibalizing children to the subject matter to give his proposal a more profound and eye-opening effect, but my readings further piqued my interests on the topic. As a result, I researched Jonathan Swift’s motives and styleRead MoreA Modest Proposal By Jonathan Swift1057 Words   |  5 Pages A Modest Proposal â€Å"A Modest Proposal†, written in 1979 by Jonathan Swift, is a fascinating sardonic, overwhelming hyperbole. He explores the miserable fate of poverty-striven Irish whose struggle in vain in an effort to feed their huge emaciated families. In the essay, Swift advocates that the penurious Irish should sell their babies to the rich ladies and gentlemen and obtain monetary power required to ease their economic predicaments. The straight-faced parody that features predominantly in theRead MoreA Modest Proposal By Jonathan Swift1340 Words   |  6 PagesA Modest Proposal was written in the year 1729 by the famous satirist Jonathan Swift. In his work he outlines the pros of eating unwanted children of Ireland for economical benefits in a time of great poverty. While the reader can obviously discard the idea of eating children, in his proposal, in a roundabout way, Swift speaks to hard pressing issues of the time. The state of Ireland is well described by Swift in this piece. He speaks of woman who â€Å"instead of being able to work for their honestRead MoreA Modest Proposal By Jonathan Swift1795 Words   |  8 PagesHave you ever thought about eating an infant to ease your economic hardship? You’re not the only one! Jonathan Swift wrote an entire pamphlet about it (satirically, of course). Satire has the ability to point out societal inadequacy and ridicule political policies in a way that is humorous in its absurdity while masking its true intent. In A Modest Proposal by Jonathan Swift, the author’s use of exaggeration and irony to draw attention to the meaningless lives of the Irish people to English ruleRead MoreA Modest Proposal By Jonathan Swift1032 Words   |  5 PagesJonathan Swift’s satirical pamphlet, A Modest Proposal, as a way to ironically find a way For the CommonWealth of Ireland to benefit from the starving children. He proposes the idea that an un wanted child should be fattened up then feed to landlords or have their meat sold in the market. In turn curing the nation’s problem of overpopulation and contribute to the economic well-being of the nation. Swift’s satire exploits the fundamental human function of eating. The need to eat is a driving humanRead MoreA Modest Proposal By Jonathan Swift784 Words   |  4 Pagesstatistics that should receive a monetary value. This emotionally detached view of humans led to Swift employing Petty as a model for the proposer in his satirical essay â€Å"A Modest Proposal.† After years of submitting proposals to ameliorate Ireland’s issues, Swift finally attacked the ruling caste and Petty for their treatment of and apathy toward the suffering of the Irish. In Jonathan Swift’s essay â€Å"A Modest Proposal,† Swift’s employment of the proposer’s employment of dehumanizing, emotionally detached

The Benefits Of Reading Out Loud - 858 Words

The Benefits of Reading Out Loud to Your Children Being read to out loud as a child is something I remember very well. However, I would have never thought that being read to was not only fun but very beneficiary as well. Being read to out loud is a memory many parents have from their childhood and is one passed on to their children as well. This is something every child should get to experience in their lifetime, it helps prepare them for school, strengthens their ability to bond, and helps children learn to speak correctly. When a parent sends their child to school for the first time they want their child to be successful. Reading out loud to your child will definitely enhance your child’s chances of success early in school. Reading out loud leads to success in school because it teaches your children how to comprehend what is being read to them. How can something as simple as reading out loud to your child help them comprehend what is being read to them? A great example was given by Kelly Hoggan â€Å"The story reader and children engage in the joint act of reading and talking to share a storybook’s meanings† (Hoggan, The Magic of `Once Upon a Time : Narrative Teaching Strategies.). These precious moments of reading and having conversations with your child is what start the foundation of success in school. Reading out loud to you children also helps them with their problem solving abilities. This will benefit them greatly when being sent to school for the first time. ThisShow MoreRe latedReading Comprehension Issues Can Negatively Impact Math Performance1046 Words   |  5 PagesReading disabilities or reading comprehension issues can negatively impact math performance. In this lesson we will discuss the importance of connecting reading abilities with math so that students can benefit from a different approach to the subject. !!! Connecting Math and Reading â€Å"I don’t understand math.†, ‘’I hate word problems.†, â€Å"I don’t even know what the problem is asking!† If you are a math teacher, surely you have heard these comments, or some variation, from students more often thanRead MoreStudy Habits Can Improve Your Grades Essay812 Words   |  4 Pagesends. That could benefit or hurt your study habits and note taking. Also bad study habits could result in not knowing how to study. Studying is not just reading out loud it’s about comprehending what you read. Ask yourself questions, write about what you read, or tell someone what you read. Doing so can improve your memory of what you read up to 85% instead of just 15%. You can also survey what you are about to read. Surveying is essentially understands what you are reading. Basically you canRead MoreReading Comprehension Is A Cognitive And Mental Problem Solving Process1488 Words   |  6 PagesThe reading process is a cognitive and mental problem solving process of decoding symbols so children can derive or construct the meaning of reading comprehension. The reading process is a means of language, communication, and the sharing of ideas and information. Comprehension is when children have the ability to understand or get meaning from the texts they read. With reading comprehension children will benefit greatly when explicit instruction is used. By doing this children can learn how to applyRead MoreEssay on Learning Outcome 4 Assessment Criteria 4.4, 4.2, 4.3908 Words   |  4 Pageswhich we were going to read, I instructed each child to read 3 pages each......whilst each child read out loud the other children needed to follow each line as it was read. Before they started reading as a group I encouraged the children to discuss what had happened so far to describe each of the characters etc. Once I was clear and felt that each of the children had participated we started reading. The first Child read.......I tried to encourage him to speak up a little so that the others withinRead MoreLife Of Our Time As A Student1747 Words   |  7 Pagesthat I’ll be working with.† (Written Discussion of Roles) This worry is one that lingered throughout the semester. During orientation someone once said: â€Å"you can’t hurt, you can only help. No matter what you do, you will always do something that benefits the student – even if it’s just having them read their work aloud!† As the semester progressed, I quickly began to understand the wisdom behind their words. Although I certainly had sessions which I deemed as being horrifically unproductive, I alsoRead MoreMy Strengths And Weaknesses Of An Effective Student988 Words   |  4 Pages Going back to school can be very intimidating, especially when one has been out of school for a long time. However, through a self-assessment, a new student can evaluate their current skills and use their current strengths and weaknesses to create a game plan that will help them be an effective student. Personally, I think this is a great tool because it helped me identify what my strengths are. Since I identified more strengths than weaknesses I saw this self-assessment as a motivation toolRead MoreAbc Elementary : For Confidentiality Purposes1570 Words   |  7 Pages me, look). Out of all the centers Sue participates in daily, she was only actively engaged in the IPad or computer center. I notice she that the technology helped motivate her and she displayed confidence while playing the reading games. Sue loves when her teacher read aloud to her. When the teacher is reading, she is attentive. When I read aloud to her I notice she was asking me questions about things that she was unsure of about within the text. According to the Primary Reading Survey, a surveyRead MoreTypes Of Techniques Used By Different Learners1660 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction: Study groups types are different types of techniques used by different learners, both in and out of school that are in place to maximize the results of the students. These techniques relate to the character of the learner and thus making studying easier and more enjoyable. There are in total seventy one learning styles, but four are identified at school level: visual, auditory, kinaesthetic and read-and-write. After taking the Learning style assessment task, I was placed in the auditoryRead MoreThe Perception Of A Shaded Reality1219 Words   |  5 Pagesspecific subject that I believe I have catered to my whole life is reading and sometimes writing. My current English professor had taken this broader definition of literacy and made it into our first assignment. Possessing a love for English and the art of reading and writing, I did not sweat the fact we had a paper to write. It may just seem as if I’m telling you a certain situation I am in at the time; however, my love for reading and broadening my vocabulary has helped me more than in a classroomRead MoreTeacher-Researcher Review: Questions on Mays Case Study1147 Words   |  5 Pagesinquiry journey? What insights did May gain about her inquiry topic through her readings? In what ways might Mays readings inform how she will collect data for her study? A thorough literature review offers May an opportunity to learn from other teacher-researchers in similar school settings. The tips and tactics gained will prove invaluable to her in her own action research. The knowledge gained from the readings expose May to more unorthodox strategies that she may not have previously considered

Plot Summary Young Goodman Brown Free Essays

The story begins when the young Goodman Brown is saying goodbye to his wife, Faith. She asks him to stay with her, saying that she feels scared when she is alone. Goodman Brown tells her that he must travel for one night and reminds her to say her prayers and go to bed early so she will safe. We will write a custom essay sample on Plot Summary: Young Goodman Brown or any similar topic only for you Order Now Goodman Brown walks on a road through a forest. He looks around, afraid of what might be behind each tree, thinking that there might be Indians or the devil there. He soon comes upon a man in the road who greets Goodman Brown. More Summary of Devil at My Heels The man is dressed in regular clothing and looks normal except for a walking stick with a serpent carved that he carried. Goodman Brown and this mysterious figure go into the dark forest, the man offers Goodman Brown the staff, he says that it might help him walk faster, but Goodman Brown refuses. He says that he came to their meeting because he promised to do, but does not wish to touch the staff and wants to return to the village. Goodman Brown tells to him that he feels ashamed to socialize with him because he and his family members is Christian and good people. The man replies that he knew Goodman Brown’s family and other members of churches, and even the governor of the state. The purpose of their journey is to join in a ritual. Goodman Brown expresses reluctance, not only once but several times. He refuses because he says that he wants to return to his house for Faith. At that moment, there is a woman come and Goodman Brown knew that she is Goody Cloyse, who he knows to be a pious, respected woman from the village. He hides, ashamed to be seen with the man. She identifies him as the devil and reveals herself to be a witch, on her way to the devil’s evil forest ceremony. The man gives Goodman Brown his staff then the man tells him that he can use it for transport to the ceremony if he changes his mind. Then he hears the voices of the minister of the church and Deacon Gookin, they are also on their way to the ceremony. Goodman Brown swears that even though everyone else in the world has gone to the devil, for Faith’s sake he will stay true to God. And, he hears voices coming from the ceremony and thinks he recognizes Faith’s voice. He screams her name, and a pink ribbon from her cap flutters down from the sky. After he knew that Faith has turned to devil and there is no good in the world, Goodman Brown gets the staff, which brings him quickly through the forest to the ceremony. When he arrived at the ceremony, he looks around to the forest, the trees are on fire, he sees his father, his mother, the minister, Deacon Gookin, Goody Cloyse and Martha Carrier. He and Faith approach the altar and they are to be anointed in blood to seal their alliance with wickedness. He tells Faith to look up to heaven and resist the devil, but suddenly he finds himself alone in the forest. The next morning Goodman Brown returns to Salem Village. Everyone that he passes is seems evil to him. He sees the minister and he refuses to accept the blessing from the minister who blessed him. He hears Deacon Gookin praying and he calls him as a witch. He sees Goody Cloyse quizzing a young girl on Bible verses and snatches the girl away. He sees Faith at his house and refuses to greet her. It’s unclear whether the meeting in the forest was a dream or not. But, Goodman Brown is changed. Now, He can’t believe the words of the minister, doesn’t trust anyone in his village, and doesn’t fully love his wife as before. He lives in the rest of his life with gloom and fear. How to cite Plot Summary: Young Goodman Brown, Papers

Clinical Human Papillomavirus Vaccine

Question: Discuss about the Clinical Human Papillomavirus Vaccine. Answer: Introduction: In this pollution ridden environment there are various dangerously pathogenic microbes are lurking around. The deteriorated hygiene and compromised lifestyle standards have facilitated the worsening health standards of people belonging to all age groups. [1] However, the field of health care has advanced radically and the progressive research has solved a myriad of health care related problems. Immunization can be considered as one of the ground breaking scientific discoveries that revolutionized the health care standards.[2] Immunization can be defined as the process of fortifying the immune system so that it can put forth a strong immunological barrier when in contact with non self or foreign bodies. Immunization is carried out by the means of vaccination that helps the body build up a protective barrier and fight the invasion by the pathogen. Vaccination was discovered is the early 18th century and the techniques have changed drastically along the years. Various registration policies now govern the immunization services worldwide. This report will attempt to evaluate the immunization policies in place taking the example of Australian guidelines and a case study. [3] In the case scenario selected for the assignment the immunization is for the grandchildren of a indigenous lady who have never been immunized in their life and the lady also took her last vaccination as a child decades ago. Her granddaughter in aged 1 years and grandson is 3.5 years old. Their vaccination process would require the guidelines set forth by the immunization registration authority of Australia. Immunization schedule for the children: The immunization guidelines are different for different regions and follow the state or local health care authorization. It has to be considered that vaccines are complex biological products, which if overdosed can have a strong detrimental impact on the health and welfare of individual. There are different guidelines and schedules in place for different age groups and their vaccination needs. [4] Considering the Australian guidelines vaccination is undertaken primarily through the general practitioners however the local clinics and community centres can also administer vaccination under the jurisdiction of relevant legislation. The immunization schedule after birth has been compartmentalized into different age based sectors. Each sector has different vaccination designed to target different infections, starting from birth up to four years of age divided into 6 subdivisions. However, there are different legislations in place for the aboriginal population of Australia. There are a number of immunization programs curated specifically for the benefit of the aboriginal or indigenous residents. [5] The guidelines for the aboriginal children aged 0 to 5 years are liable to receive a series of free vaccination from the community health facility. The grandchildren of Mary fall under this subgroup hence they will receive booster vaccination for pneumococcal disease, as the children for 12 to 18 months are at risk to pneumococcal disease. [6] The children being residents of Queensland are eligible for administration of pneumococcal conjugate. However the aboriginal population living in the new south whales are not allowed this immunization program. Other than the children are going to receive vaccination for hepatitis A and influenza as well. Other than that the children will also get access to BCG vaccination and vaccination to tuberculosis. Furthermore it also needs to be considered that the children will be administered vaccination by a registered nursing professional or a registered midwife with a valid training in vaccination techniques. [7] In case of the extended family, there is immunization programs for each of one funded under the national immunization program. Studies suggest that 8 % of the death in indigenous communities is due to various respiratory diseases and the most emphasis for the immunization of the aboriginal communities focuses on respiratory infection prevention. For example the Mary herself is liable for the immunization program designed for people aged more than 50 years. Under this program, the elders are eligible to get the vaccination for hepatitis B, influenza, Japanese encephalitis and rubella vaccination. Challenges in immunization uptake: There was a time in the history of health acre when the smallest of infection of today took the frightening figure of epidemics. Immunization programs have been developed in order to minimize the risk of infection optimally and save the lives of millions of innocents. However the implementation of the immunization strategies has represented a number of challenges. The immunization programs and the techniques have been changed and modified enough times to yield the best results as well. Yet there still are a number of challenges that pose a threat to maximum immunization uptake. Vaccinating the children is never easy; there are a lot of factors that can arise in case of vaccinating the children. For example children at any given time are terrifies of injections and can prove to be very difficult to administer vaccination in a peaceful manner. Their fear brings agitation and it in turns hampers the vaccination procedure exponentially. Other than that safe administration of vaccination is of ample importance so that the children do not develop any additional complication while they have approached the clinic to get immunization for health complication. Other than that lack of knowledge in the mass about the importance of immunization in the public poses another challenge to the maximized immunization uptake. Moreover in the aboriginal communities the lack of knowledge is much more prevalent. With complete absence of awareness, the children missing any immunization doses are inevitable. Other than that the lack of proper knowledge about vaccination can also create hindrances during the immunization processes. The parents or guardians interfering with the immunization procedure can create a chaos in the facility for the vaccinator to administer peacefully. Strategies for maximising the immunization uptake: Limitations are a part of any program, health care is not an exception to that. The challenges to immunization program can be overcome by a few strategic actions. For example patient education has to be the best method to intake when dealing with patient objection. In order to attain that goal it is important for the nursing professional or vaccinator to develop a communicational comfort with grandmother and the grand children. The communicational comfort in the children and their grandmother will encourage them to trust the vaccinator and respond to him or her accordingly. Consent and patient education is another important strategy to intake, it will ensure that the parents know and understand about the severity and importance of immunization and will enforce them to realize the benefits of it. It has to be considered that if the mass is made aware of the consequences of not partaking to immunization can make them more proactive in reaching out for vaccination in regular intervals for their children. Apart from that the aboriginals and their health is at the frontier of the government health improvements and policies, however in most cases the aboriginals are unaware of the benefits they are eligible to. In such a condition progressive actions should be taken to aware the aboriginal or indigenous communities about the benefits of free immunizations they are eligible to. Home visits and campaigning can be the best technique to ensure that they get the knowledge about the benefits they can attain from the government. On a broader note it has to be considered there are a number of native communities that are still left out of the protective coverage of the government. In most of the rural areas there still are native people that are neglected and abhorred to gain and access to the medical services. Apart from that the discrimination that the indigenous communities face from the rest of the society in most cases render the native residents avoid interacting with the health care services to seek out the help they need.The health care sector should consider training their staff to shed the discrimination and allow the deserving candidates from the aboriginal communities employed in the health care sector to ensure that the staff can make the aboriginals comfortable and welcomed so that they are not afraid to seek the he4lp they need and deserve. Lastly language can serve to be another huge barrier for the aboriginal communities to overcome. It has to be considered that the aboriginal dialect can restrict the individuals from seeking put or approaching the vaccinator or understand what the vaccinator is trying to communicate. In such cases a dialect expert who is comfortable with the aboriginal languages should be employed in the community health care centres to overcome this challenge. Conclusion: It should not be neglected that health care is a basic human right not a commodity to be purchased with the socioeconomic status. The aboriginal communities also have equal rights to the benefits of good health care. However in most times the native communities are unaware of the benefits they are eligible to from the government and hence never reach out to access those benefits. Immunization and vaccination is one of the most neglected protective health care strategy in the aboriginal or indigenous communities. Although the national immunization program under the guidelines of the Australian government has made a number advantageous services. the aboriginal communities should be made aware of these benefits to ensure that health coverage of Australia can encompass the native communities as well. Furthermore care should be taken to ensure that the native communities are not discriminated at by the health care professionals, they are welcomed by the health care staff and viewed as any other patient. They should remember that life is above any racial or regional discriminations and life should be restored without any bias at any circumstances. Bibliography: Fiore, A. E., Uyeki, T. M., Broder, K., Finelli, L., Euler, G. L., Singleton, J. A., ... Cox, N. J. (2010). Prevention and control of influenza with vaccines: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP), 2010. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC. (2011). Recommendations on the use of quadrivalent human papillomavirus vaccine in males--Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP), 2011. MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report, 60(50), 1705. Shefer, A., Atkinson, W., Friedman, C., Kuhar, D. T., Mootrey, G., Bialek, S. R., ... Lorick, S. A. (2011). Immunization of health-care personnel: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). MMWR Recomm Rep, 60(RR-7), 1-45. Petrosky, E., Bocchini Jr, J. A., Hariri, S., Chesson, H., Curtis, C. R., Saraiya, M., ... Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (2015). Use of 9-valent human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine: updated HPV vaccination recommendations of the advisory committee on immunization practices. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep, 64(11), 300-304. Nolan, T. M. (2010). The Australian model of immunization advice and vaccine funding. Vaccine, 28, A76-A83. Buttery, J. P., Danchin, M. H., Lee, K. J., Carlin, J. B., McIntyre, P. B., Elliott, E. J., ... PAEDS/APSU Study Group. (2011). Intussusception following rotavirus vaccine administration: post-marketing surveillance in the National Immunization Program in Australia. Vaccine, 29(16), 3061-3066. Carlin, J. B., Macartney, K. K., Lee, K. J., Quinn, H. E., Buttery, J., Lopert, R., ... McIntyre, P. B. (2013). Intussusception risk and disease prevention associated with rotavirus vaccines in Australia's National Immunization Program. Clinical infectious diseases, 57(10), 1427-1434. O'Grady, K. A. F., Lee, K. J., Carlin, J. B., Torzillo, P. J., Chang, A. B., Mulholland, E. K., ... Andrews, R. M. (2010). Increased risk of hospitalization for acute lower respiratory tract infection among Australian indigenous infants 523 months of age following pneumococcal vaccination: a cohort study. Clinical infectious diseases, 50(7), 970-978. Garland, S. M. (2014). The Australian experience with the human papillomavirus vaccine. Clinical therapeutics, 36(1), 17-23. Immunise - Immunise Australia Program. (2017).health.gov.au. Retrieved 21 April 2017, from https://www.immunise.health.gov.au HOme - Home. (2017).Www1.health.nsw.gov.au. Retrieved 21 April 2017, from https://www1.health.nsw.gov.au Nursing and Midwifery Board of Australia - Home. (2017).Nursingmidwiferyboard.gov.au. Retrieved 15 April 2017, from https://www.nursingmidwiferyboard.gov.au Nolan, T. M. (2010). The Australian model of immunization advice and vaccine funding.Vaccine,28, A76-A83. Garland, S. M. (2014). The Australian experience with the human papillomavirus vaccine. Clinical therapeutics, 36(1), 17-23. Harvey, H., Good, J., Mason, J., Reissland, N. (2015). A Q-methodology study of parental understandings of infant immunisation: implications for health-care advice. Journal of health psychology, 20(11), 1451-1462. Jarrett, C., Wilson, R., OLeary, M., Eckersberger, E., Larson, H. J. (2015). Strategies for addressing vaccine hesitancya systematic review. Vaccine, 33(34), 4180-4190. O'Grady, K. A. F., Lee, K. J., Carlin, J. B., Torzillo, P. J., Chang, A. B., Mulholland, E. K., ... Andrews, R. M. (2010). Increased risk of hospitalization for acute lower respiratory tract infection among Australian indigenous infants 523 months of age following pneumococcal vaccination: a cohort study. Clinical infectious diseases, 50(7), 970-978. Jarrett, C., Wilson, R., OLeary, M., Eckersberger, E., Larson, H. J. (2015). Strategies for addressing vaccine hesitancya systematic review. Vaccine, 33(34), 4180-4190. Garland, S. M. (2014). The Australian experience with the human papillomavirus vaccine. Clinical therapeutics, 36(1), 17-23.

In pursuit of the American dream an analysis of Willa Cathers O Pioneers

O Pioneers, by Willa Cather, is set about a decade to the 19th century – 1880-1900. O Pioneers depicts the lives of the Bergsons – Joe and his wife, their daughter, Alexandra, and their sons, Lou, Oscar, and Emil, as they explore their lives and the vast Nebraskan land over a couple of decade s.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on In pursuit of the American dream: an analysis of Willa Cather’s O Pioneers specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The settlers into Nebraska, for instance, the Bergsons, mainly originated from European countries such as Sweden and Norway. The immigrants were farmers and ranchers whose aim was to obtain food for themselves and their families, as well as to rear animals in the farms for economic purposes. John Bergson’s struggle for survival as he endeavors to raise his family captures the life story of most of the early immigrants. He strives to establish himself econom ically in a tough and unforgiving environment: â€Å"In eleven years, John Bergson had made but little impression upon the land he had come to tame† (Cather 6). The early immigrants, as illustrated by the Bergson’s case, were in an invariant struggle for survival. Therefore, the immigrant experience was one of struggle and hardship in an effort to tame the wild Nebraskan land for their farming and habitation. The weather patterns were also a contributing factor in making the immigrants’ early experiences tough. John Bergson loses his entire flock in one winter as he tries to settle in Nebraska (Cather 6). Even after his death, his children have to contend with famines that make the life for the early immigrants almost unbearable. Sixteen years after John Bergson’s death, â€Å"†¦Came the hard times that brought everyone on the divide to the Brink of despair; three years of drought and failure†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Cather 28). Therefore, the early immigrant s were in a constant battle for survival against the vagaries of a harsh climate that usually dealt a heavy blow on their best-laid plans and actions. The experiences of the characters in the novel portray the endeavors of the early immigrants’ pursuit of the American dream. Primarily, the immigrants left their native countries to seek a better life (Veracini 110).Advertising Looking for essay on american literature? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The instinct to forgo the comforts, which a home country offers by default and then sail across the oceans to a then wild and untamed America, was indicative of the immigrants’ spirit of adventure and the search for a better life. At the time when O Pioneers is set (1890-1900), many immigrants from Europe were still moving to America in numbers. The Bergson family is originally from Sweden, and The Divide – the location in Nebraska where the novel is set, has ma ny other Swedes, Norwegians, Russians, and natives from other European countries. At the very core, these immigrants sought a better life for themselves and their families. The very act of moving such vast distances in search of a better life signifies the immigrant’s pursuit of the American dream. The experiences of these immigrants, for instance, John Bergson, speak a lot about the hard times they were willing to endure: â€Å"Bergson had spent his first five years on the Divide getting into debt, and the last six getting out† (Cather 34). The early immigrants, in their pursuit of the American dream, gave their all; the harsh climate and the extreme hard work involved in taming the wild lands of Nebraska took a toll on their health and even lives. Most of the early immigrants died early or were plagued by diseases in their middle ages; for instance, Bergson dies at a comparatively young age of forty-six years, having spent his entire life trying to better it. Ivar, o nce a prosperous farmer on the Divide, eventually loses his farm and stock due to the harsh and unpredictable weather conditions, leaving out his last days as a helper at Alexandra’s home. Therefore, for some characters like John Bergson and Ivar, the American dream is hardly realized in their lifetime; John Bergson’s children are the ones who eventually get to live the stable and prosperous lifestyle that their father might have envisioned. The American dream is also realized by the acts of various characters in the novel. The American dream encompasses acts of benevolence and humanity that make society better and Alexandra’s actions portray this. From a young age, she shows a desire to make the lives of those around her better. She takes care of her younger brother, Emil, in the beginning of the novel and exhibits a leadership streak at an early age. When their father dies, she is designated as the head of the family ahead of her brothers, Lou and Oscar. Subse quently, for nearly two decades, she leads the Bergson family towards prosperity. She is friendly and offers food and shelter to some members of the community at the Divide for whom the famine and draught has taken a huge toll.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on In pursuit of the American dream: an analysis of Willa Cather’s O Pioneers specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Alexandra practices modern farming techniques that make her farm prosperous and she shares her fortunes with the less fortunate members of the society. Emil, her younger brother, also displays selfless attitudes by refusing to pursue a romantic interest in Marie Shabata. Actually, Emil moves away from the Divide in order to give Marie’s marriage the respect that it deserves. Although Marie’s husband, Frank, in a fit of jealousy later shoots him, Emil does not fall into the temptation of courting another man’s wife even thou gh both he and Marie had a deep affection for each other. Furthermore, Alexandra’s benevolence appears again when she pardons Frank even after he murders her brother, Emil. Amongst the many reasons that immigrants had for immigrating to the US in the 1800s, the quest for a new life experience; a new start, was prominent. By themselves, the immigrants were adventurers, ready for the challenge that new lands and climate offered. For instance, Alexandra describes her own mother’s willingness and readiness for challenge aptly. She states that, if her mother â€Å"were cast upon a desert Island, she (the mother) would thank God for her deliverance, make a garden, and find something to preserve† (Cather 58). Almost as an innate characteristic, most of the immigrants were adventurous and were always ready to take up any challenge that settlement in a new environment brought. Even in the settled lands of America, many of the immigrants were always moving from one locali ty to another in search of better land for farming, better jobs, and better weather conditions (Post 460). For instance, Carl Linstrum and his family move from the Divide when his father secures a better job at a cigar factory, and this almost nomadic nature of the early settlers drove them initially to move away from their European countries. In conclusion, O Pioneers by Willa Cather is a fitting tribute to the adventurous spirit that immigrants to the US have always had. In search of a better life, many immigrants, as shown in the novel, made huge sacrifices in an attempt to live the American dream. One is tempted to believe that, the sense of adventure, sacrifice, and benevolence captured in the novel have run through the generations to this day, bequeathing to the US a characteristic that makes it the great nation that it is today.Advertising Looking for essay on american literature? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Works Cited Cather, Willa. O Pioneers. New York: Vintage Books, 1992 Post, Charles. â€Å"Agrarian Class Structure and Economic Development in Colonial British North America: The Place of the American Revolution in the Origins of US Capitalism.† Journal of Agrarian Change 9.4 (2009): 453-483. Veracini, Lorenzo. â€Å"The Settler-Colonial Situation.† Native Studies Review 19.1 (2010): 101-118. This essay on In pursuit of the American dream: an analysis of Willa Cather’s O Pioneers was written and submitted by user Jasmin Finch to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

10 Argumentative Essay Topics on Managing Conflict

10 Argumentative Essay Topics on Managing Conflict If you are tasked with writing about conflicts and management, you need to include some useful information. That is why you will find 10 facts that might be of use to you in your next writing task: There are many forms of management. Inside of each is a different way to handle conflicts in the workplace. In some cases, management styles borrow from one style. They then adapt another to suit the needs their organization has. This is done so that conflicts are mitigated and resolved. When companies seek to manage conflict among employees/employers it is important to follow human resource policies. This requires the appropriately trained and designated human resource representative. They must be in charge of all conflict management processes within the workplace. In conflict management, there are various outcomes possible, including that of win-lose, lose-lose, or win-win. It is the goal of good conflict management to discuss all options. It is the goal to encourage compromise between the affected parties in order to ensure a win-win outcome. The majority of office place policies for managing conflict revolve around mediation. This is where the affected parties are able to find a safe space. They are able to discuss their respective sides, in search of finding common ground. This revolves around positive communication. Communication is often the cause of the problem related to office conflict. This means that employees will make statements which are misinterpreted or not clearly stated to other employees. This leads to poor communication on top of poor communication. In many professional cases, simply having a space where misconceptions can be discussed and acknowledgements for mistakes made resolves the issues. It is natural for people to seek acknowledgement that a boss. For example, was unclear in directions and that is what led to a project not being followed as the boss wanted rather than the boss telling the employee they made a mistake when they in fact did not. In the modern workplace, men still earn an average of 30% more than women. This is due to two things. The first is that women take more days off for personal reasons. The second is that men negotiate more aggressively during salary negotiations. Men also prove more aggressive during promotional negotiations. This raises conflicts among groups where diversity exists. Men directing women in the workplace with a command are not respective of the sexism or misogyny in their tones or word choices. Women, as a result, are forced to either tolerate the impropriety or stand up for themselves. When women stand up for themselves in the workplace it is perceived that they are â€Å"emotional†. Other choice explicative words are used to describe headstrong women in this situation as well. This creates conflict between team members. This also creates conflict between leaders. This conflict requires conflict management. This is administered by human resources. If no human resources departme nt exists companies must find leaders among their staff. Executives- for example- can be tasked with mediating conflict. With the rise of online communication, cyberbullying in the workplace is more prevalent than ever. More than three million jobs were posted on the most highly ranked freelance website in the world last year. This figure has only risen with time. All signs suggest it will continue to do so. That being said, those who hire freelancers often use the lack of face-to-face communication for bullying. This bullying comes in many forms. Some people are rude online because they have no HR representatives to hold them accountable. Others are rude or unprofessional. They do this because they believe that paying someone for a simple job gives them control over that person. Others know they will not be held accountable for their lack of action. Some know they will not be held accountable for their actions. In such cases people may use aggressive demands, threats, or cursing when communicating. This conflict does not always get settled. If there are no proper channels or HR representatives to help mediate, resolutions may be non-existent. Such behavior leads to high rates of turnover among freelance individuals and those clients hiring them. Another issue involved in freelance workplace conflicts is that of gender. Men and women alike behave and communicate differently to men versus women. Women and man alike will avoid excuses and be respectful, professional, and kind toward those bosses or clients they believe are men. When it is known that the freelancer or client is a women, other women will provide excuses and be lackadaisical in their work. Men, on the other hand, will be more condescending. This form of cyber bullying causes conflicts too. Diversity is something for which companies strive. This same diversity leads to many workplace conflicts. People who come from different backgrounds have different cultural principles and behaviors. In the modern workplace, a man from an Eastern European or Middle Eastern culture may think it perfectly acceptable to treat women differently. They may have been raised to treat women as a second class. This creates severe workplace conflict among gender diverse teams. Those same men will talk down to women. They will overlook them when it comes to promotional opportunities. They will give them more administrative and menial tasks in a group project. All of this stems from differences in culture. The problem arises when more than one culture is forced to work together. In such situations, the prevailing belief that women are beneath men ruptures between the team members. This creates a conflict which falls upon the shoulders of management to resolve. Workplace conflicts exist when individuals do not feel that their voices are heard. If a boss provides unclear parameters for a project the employee has only that to use. They might complete the project to the best of their abilities. The boss might then include new parameters and demand changes. The individual may seek simple acknowledgement from the boss that the boss was responsible for not providing explicit instructions. In such cases the boss often ignores this, fails to administer acknowledgement or an apology, and the conflict erupts. Not apologizing or accepting responsibility for actions causes a great deal of workplace conflict. This can be resolved by guilty parties simply acting in mature/professional fashions and apologizing. Having HR can be a big help here. These facts should provide you with solid foundation to write your argumentative essay on managing conflict. Don’t forget to check our 20 topics together with a  sample essay and guide on how write one, we have those too! References: Foster, D.E. (2002). A Method of Comparing Follower Satisfaction with the Authoritarian, Democratic, and Laissez-faire Styles of Leadership..  Communication Teacher  16  (2): 4–6. Gordon, Jack.  The Pfeiffer Book Of Successful Conflict Management Tools. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass/Pfeiffer, 2003. Print. Hubbartt, William S.  The New Battle Over Workplace Privacy. New York: AMACOM, 1998. Print. Lebedun, Jean.  Managing Workplace Conflict. West Des Moines, IA: American Media Pub., 1998. Print. Martindale, N (2011). Leadership Styles: How to handle the different personas.  Strategic Communication Management  15  (8): 32–35. McConnon, Shay, and Margaret McConnon.  Conflict Management In The Workplace. Oxford: How To Books, 2008. Print. Woods, A.P. (2010). Democratic leadership: drawing distinctions with distributed leadership.  International Journal of Leadership in Education  7  (1): 3–36.

Oce 1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Oce 1 - Essay Example Economically, fossil fuels have become expensive to the extent that it influences greatly the prices of other commodities. To help address the issue, world leaders have been advocating for measures aimed at limiting the use of fossil fuels as a source of energy. This was evident when world leaders with the exception of the U.S. gathered in Kyoto in 2005 in an attempt to come up with an amicable solution to the problem (Krà ¼ger 5). This led to the signing of the Kyoto protocol, which advocated for the use of renewable sources of energy as opposed to fossil fuels. Despite the U.S. not being among the countries that took part in the signing of the Kyoto Protocol, it is finding unwise to rely much on fossil fuels as its main source of energy (Krà ¼ger 8). This is because it is creating economic hardships, as well as environment problems that make the U.S. venerable to many natural calamities such as droughts and extreme flooding among others. As a result, Krà ¼ger notes that the government has recognized the need to increase funding for harnessing alternative sources of energy (8). In this regard, the government is finding it viable to invest more on renewable sources of energy that scientists argue, are more efficient and environmental friendly. This paper will discuss the need for the government of the United States to provide assistance in the harnessing of solar and wind power. Most Americans and scientists agree that in order to fight global warming and achieve energy independence, the U.S. has to avoid the use of fossil fuel and adopt the use of other renewable sources of energy that are efficient and cost effective. These include solar energy, wind power, hydroelectric power, and biomass. Reports show that overreliance on fossil fuels is becoming a big threat to the U.S. economy and the environment (Winkler par.2). The impacts of fossil fuels use on the environment include the

Legalizing marijuana for recreational use Speech or Presentation

Legalizing marijuana for recreational use - Speech or Presentation Example This can be put into a few basic facts. Both Washington’s Initiative 502 and Colorado’s Amendment 64 which legalized cannabis for people aged 21 and above, proposed a relatively heavy taxation on the drug. They called for a 25 percent tax rate to be imposed on the product three times; from grower to processor, from processor to retailer, and from retailer to customer, (Smith 1). While it is not clear the amount of revenue this would raise, estimates for this measure are out at about $500 million. According to a study carried out by the Colorado Center on Law and Policy, about 13 percent of people in Colorado use the substance. This translates to about half a million people. By legalizing this retail market, the regulation could raise about $46 million in combined local and state revenue between excise and sale taxes. In California, a similar measure in 2010 known as Proposition 19 was estimated to earn $352 million in tax revenue annually, (Smith 1). This revenue can go to a state fund where it can fund the construction of schools. Besides raising revenue, marijuana is used for medical purposes. It is commonly referred to as medical marijuana. According to Stone (1), marijuana has long been utilized in treating ailments that are associated with inflammation and pain. It is also used to relieve symptoms that are related to chronic illnesses such as cancer. For example, for many decades, cannabis has been used to treat glaucoma. It usually lowers the intraocular pressure when treating glaucoma symptoms, and is more effective when smoked, ingested, inhaled, or administered intravenously. Also, the National Cancer Institute (1) recognizes cannabis and its components as a treatment for individuals with cancer-related symptoms. Besides these, medical marijuana has been associated with the treatment of AIDS, multiple sclerosis, epilepsy, anxiety, and chronic pain. The legalization of marijuana could also significantly cut down on crime. On one hand, it i s illegal. On the other hand, the people demand and want to use it. This provides room for a middleman who carries out the illicit trade, and hence crime. Therefore, legalizing marijuana would mean that drug cartels will lose business, there will be less crime in borders since there is no need for trafficking, and crime will ultimately reduce in the streets and in the country. According to former Seattle police chief Stamper (1), this will free up police resources that can be focused on tackling other crimes such as robberies, burglaries, and sexual assaults. However, there needs to be guidelines that control the use of marijuana. These should be in form of legislations. One such legislation made in the California is the Medical Marijuana Regulation, Control and Taxation Act, which stipulates the guidelines for the use of cannabis for medicinal purposes. Other guidelines should include the amount of cannabis that a person can be in possession at any one time, or the number of mariju ana plants that one can plant at his or her backyard. These political guidelines need to be clearly set, implemented, and enacted. Without such guidelines, there would be a total mess with students even â€Å"puffing† on the school corridors just like cigarettes. Therefore, it means that once marijuana is legalized, society has to deal with it. Many opponents to the legalization claim that it draws the path to drug usage in the society. According to Citizens Against the Legalization of

Women and American Revolution Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Women and American Revolution - Essay Example The main distinction was on the basis of races; the blacks and the whites. Even though affected the educational and cultural development of the nation, the American Revolution resulted in the formation of the powerful nation in the world. In the midst of 17th Century the need of women education became prominent and activists began to write books and journals on women rights, and this showed the revolutionary ideology toward women Education. Supporters like Catherine Beecher, established certain institutions to provide women education, when they were confined to work at home. She emphasized on women education by teaching women how to learn their children at home, rather than involving only on household works. The introduction of Oberlin College in 1833 and Seneca Falls Convention in 1848 are considered to be milestones in history of American Women Education. The Convention provided opportunity for women to get educated at home and also criticized the issues of suffrage. For a better educated nation, as the children were first taught by their mothers, better educated women can only educate their children, so it arouse the need for women education. After all the country was in need of a lot number of teachers and male t eachers couldn't be found to fill vacancies. The introduction of religious institutions was another main leap in women education.

Product lifecycle management in aviation maintenance

Product lifecycle management in aviation maintenance A study on the article entitled Product Lifecycle Management in Aviation Maintenance, Repair and Overhaul. This paper analyses the journal based on inputs which is covered in the course Product Design and Development. Further, it explains briefly about Product Lifecycle Management (PLM) and the different phases of PLM over new product development process and also the benefits of PLM over Aviation Maintenance, Repair and Overhaul (MRO) industry. Product Data Management (PDM) application in PLM are also discussed in this paper. Summary of the article The journal has three phases of discussion, first phase is introduction, second phase is the about the activity of PLM and the final phase is about PLM benefits in aviation MRO industry. Phase 1: The competition among the world in new product development leads to data sharing among the enterprise and end users i.e. from ideas, design, manufacturing, customer/installation, service etc. to overcome this PLM is proposed to have proper integration of customer, process, management and data to have control throughout the life cycle period of the product. Nowadays most of the industries have adopted PLM in their design process to the maximum extent when compared to the other process in their product life time. Similarly in Aviation MRO industry, PLM has not yet adapted to the extreme end compare to the design process in the aviation industry. The PLM in aviation MRO industry can be more worthy as the total life period for an aircraft is approximately more over than 30 years. Phase 2: PLM has been divided in to two management phases as shown in figure 1. One is related to enterprise and other is related to product data (virtual enterprise). This article focus on the second phase which integrates computer aided design and manufacturing through PDM. Product Data Management (PDM) system is the division of PLM, which communicate and gather the data from the initial process of concept development to the end life of the product. PDM system organizes the computer aided design tools. PDM archives the customer feedback, engineering data and management data to incorporate the information between the enterprise, customer, service industry and other end user of the product throughout its life time. Second phase of PLM is further divided into four phases. First phase is concept development in which the ideas from customer are organized and designed. Second phase is design. This concentrates on describing, defining, developing the product design based on first phase and finally analyzing and simulation is carried out in design phase. The third phase is manufacturing and marketing where the production, sales and installation process are carried on to produce a new product. The final phase is servicing where maintain and support, removal or disposal i.e. customer support by means of MRO. Figure 1: Different Phases of PLM In general PLM reduce marketing time, improve the product quality in new product as well as in service, centralized product record, cost and waste reduction. Many industries have applied PLM as an initiative and are mostly used in design process. According to a survey detailed in the article, it shows that the usage of PLM and PDM in MRO are very inadequate when compared with design. Phase 3: The adoption of PLM is in very high percentage in automotive and aircraft industry due do life period and the impossibility in prototype; but in aviation service industry the percentage of PLM application implemented is deficient. PLM reduce the normal design and assemble period of aircraft in many aircraft industry. This result in higher percentage of reduction in manufacturing process, but the percentage of reduction in life cycle period is very less. In aviation industry the profit amount of the aircraft is calculated only based on the total life period. It can be obtained only by proper maintenance and repair. From the article it pronounces that over 17000 commercial aircrafts are active at present. The analysis of budget in aviation MRO industry from the year 2005 to 2010 shows a massive increase. This increase in expense is due to inventories in the aviation MRO industry. The profitability of the aviation industry depends on the life span of the aircraft. To have maximum profit in aircraft industry, they need safe operation, adequate maintenance for the parts. PLM in MRO will minimize the time of maintenance, cost and also increase the total life period of the aircraft. Maintenance is the process to achieve reliability, safety and overall performance of the product. There are two types: one scheduled maintenance in which the repair process is scheduled according to the time intervals and second one is unscheduled maintenance and it implies when there is sudden breakdown. Earlier the scheduled and unscheduled maintenance are known as preventive maintenance. In addition to this, maintenance is further classified into On or OFF aircraft maintenance. On maintenance represents repaired within the craft without cancelling the transit. Off maintenance represents the change of parts i.e. overhaul of parts. Here, the temporary part is replaced till the repair process is carried out in the part. The aim of PLM in aviation MRO industry is to have adequate reliability, safety, proper data from OEM for overhaul and this will result in cost reduction. To acquire product reliability and safety in aircraft, both the maintenance processes are to be carried. For proper maintenance the major thing in consideration is product and part manual from Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM). In order to minimize the difficulty of MRO the OEM has to provide the sufficient datas like methods of detailed data of the part, maintenance process, fault identification method, tools required to overhaul and also 3D modeling drawing view of the part. These are accomplished by the PDM which make use computer for safe data transfer from OEM to MRO and also by feedback from customer to OEM and MRO industry. Case studies on different methods of how maintenance, repair and overhaul are carried out in different aviation MRO industry located in Singapore. They described the percentage of inaccuracy in their method of repair. They point out the repair work flow procedure and the different methods of process they carried on for the repair of aviation part. The reason for this inadequate quality of repair is analyzed below in this paper. Journal relation with Product Design and Development The journal related to one of the main area Product Lifecycle Management (PLM) which was covered under the lecture PLM and Product Planning. In addition to PLM Product Data Management (PDM) are also discussed in this article which is a part of PLM. The information from the lecture about the tools PLM and PDM, gave the input how to develop a new product with an efficient lifecycle time i.e. from the process of concept creation to end life of the product or till recycling of the product and also effective data management system. These concepts are related to the service industry which is at the end phase of lifecycle of a product. This helps to identify the benefits and characteristic of PLM in aviation MRO industry. Journal Analysis The impact of Product Lifecycle Management (PLM) in aviation maintenance repair and overhaul (MRO) industry is analyzed in this article. They address the PLM benefits and necessity in MRO industry for effective and accurate quality in repair process. They also analyze the different maintenance process carried on in the aviation industry. Figure 2: Current Scenario Of Data Flow Without Adoption PLM in aviaton MRO industry. In this article they analyzed how they repaired the high pressure blade and outer cover panel. Also it describes the demerits in their method without PLM. It shows the data flow from the OEM to MRO industry is inadequate as shown in the figure 2. Thus it leads to improper Maintenance, repair and overhaul of the part in aircraft. Product Data Management (PDM) system should be applied with PLM for proper flow of information between the OEM to customer, customer to MRO and also MRO to OEM and vice versa. Such feedback from customer end will improve the process in MRO in addition to design of aircraft. Thus the figure 3 represents the flow of data between various processes in aviation industry. It shows the characteristic and benefits on adoption of PLM in service industry. In addition to service process PLM has to be implemented in management activities like Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) and supply chain management (SCM) in aviation industry to increase the total lifecycle time of the new product. Figure 3: Implementaion of PLM with Product Data Management (PDM) in aviaton Industry. The case study done on the aviation MRO industry in Singapore represents the work flow of the repair process carried out on different parts of aircraft. In this, the original part definition data was measured and calculated by coordinate measurement system with the help of a reverse engineer. The measured data was not too accurate when compared to OEM data. This improper method is mainly because of insufficient product data information. This method will lead to poor reliability and safety, life period of the product is thus reduced and also overall life span of the aircraft deteriorates. Further, it leads to poor customer satisfaction and very less profitability to the aviation industry. The influencing factors that affect the MRO industry are insufficient data sharing between the OEM and MRO. To rectify the problem in aviation MRO industry, it is required to adopt PLM system incorporated with PDM. The author suggests adopting the PLM process in MRO industry as the process implemented in design process shows remarkable result in that sector. In addition to design and service, PLM can also be implemented on various processes in the aviation industry which will clearly show a valuable increase in the reliability and safety of the aircraft. It also increases the overall profitability of the product. In addition to this, PLM provides consistent and precise feedback between the OEM, MRO and customers and also between the partners in the enterprise resulting in optimization of the inventory and further improves the efficiency of maintenance by reducing the non-value added tasks. Conclusion PLM activities in the aviation industry have to be analyzed more precisely and research must be carried in various process of aircraft and MRO industry to increase the industries profit and service. In addition to PDM, Collaborative Product Development (CFD), Concurrent Engineering (CE) tools can also be used in future to increase the total life span of the aircraft and MRO industry.

The Internet: An End to the Cultural and Historical Diversity of Style

Introduction: The Internet is a fairly new tool and has been recently increasing in popularity. Where it was once inconceivable that a new way to stay in touch could challenge the telephone, the Internet has managed to do so. With the Internet, one can do nearly anything that one would want to do from keeping in touch with relatives, writing research papers, and watching one's bank account. Generally, everything done over the Internet is quick and effortless. Since the Internet is relatively new, there have been relatively few scientific studies done on it. Therefore, the discussion of the Internet in this paper will be limited to personal experiences and interpretations. This essay will describe a new style of quickness that has emerged as a result of the Internet. The style has been modified and tested by those on the Internet, creating a homogenous way of communicating which is ending the diversity in composition. In turn, the style has affected the Internet, making quickness a priority to services on the web. By looking at common uses of the Internet, it is apparent that a new kind of style based on instant gratification and convenience has emerged, which in turn has influenced the Internet. Communicating Instantaneously: One of the more prevalent services of the Internet is instant messaging, which has helped to shape a style of quickness. There are a plethora of messaging services to choose from, such as AOL's Instant Messenger, ICQ, and MSN Messenger. Instant messaging is exactly what it sounds like- messages are typed and sent instantly to another person. This type of interaction has slowly been replacing the telephone as it allows people to stay in contact over long distances without having to pay a fee. Acco... ... style has also affected the Internet. The need for speed has evolved so that the success of services and other offerings for the Internet, such as connection speed, is highly important. The style of speed in the world of today will become increasingly accepted and used as more and more people join the Internet craze. Footnotes: 1. Beard 2. Beard 3. Pastore 4. Look at the Graph 5. Beard Works Cited: 1. Beard, Marty. "Hello, email, and soon good-bye: Instant messaging becoming way to communicate." February 5, 2002 Â © 2002 Media Life. <http://medialifemagazine.com/news2002/feb02/feb04/2_tues/news4tuesday.html> 2. Gartner Advisory, Web Site Performance, June 2000. 3. Pastore, Michael. "E-Mail Continues Dominance of Net Apps." July 25, 2001. <http://cyberatlas.internet.com/big_picture/applications/article/0,1323,1301_808741,00.html>