In pursuit of the American dream an analysis of Willa Cathers O Pioneers

O Pioneers, by Willa Cather, is set about a decade to the 19th century – 1880-1900. O Pioneers depicts the lives of the Bergsons – Joe and his wife, their daughter, Alexandra, and their sons, Lou, Oscar, and Emil, as they explore their lives and the vast Nebraskan land over a couple of decade s.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on In pursuit of the American dream: an analysis of Willa Cather’s O Pioneers specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The settlers into Nebraska, for instance, the Bergsons, mainly originated from European countries such as Sweden and Norway. The immigrants were farmers and ranchers whose aim was to obtain food for themselves and their families, as well as to rear animals in the farms for economic purposes. John Bergson’s struggle for survival as he endeavors to raise his family captures the life story of most of the early immigrants. He strives to establish himself econom ically in a tough and unforgiving environment: â€Å"In eleven years, John Bergson had made but little impression upon the land he had come to tame† (Cather 6). The early immigrants, as illustrated by the Bergson’s case, were in an invariant struggle for survival. Therefore, the immigrant experience was one of struggle and hardship in an effort to tame the wild Nebraskan land for their farming and habitation. The weather patterns were also a contributing factor in making the immigrants’ early experiences tough. John Bergson loses his entire flock in one winter as he tries to settle in Nebraska (Cather 6). Even after his death, his children have to contend with famines that make the life for the early immigrants almost unbearable. Sixteen years after John Bergson’s death, â€Å"†¦Came the hard times that brought everyone on the divide to the Brink of despair; three years of drought and failure†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Cather 28). Therefore, the early immigrant s were in a constant battle for survival against the vagaries of a harsh climate that usually dealt a heavy blow on their best-laid plans and actions. The experiences of the characters in the novel portray the endeavors of the early immigrants’ pursuit of the American dream. Primarily, the immigrants left their native countries to seek a better life (Veracini 110).Advertising Looking for essay on american literature? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The instinct to forgo the comforts, which a home country offers by default and then sail across the oceans to a then wild and untamed America, was indicative of the immigrants’ spirit of adventure and the search for a better life. At the time when O Pioneers is set (1890-1900), many immigrants from Europe were still moving to America in numbers. The Bergson family is originally from Sweden, and The Divide – the location in Nebraska where the novel is set, has ma ny other Swedes, Norwegians, Russians, and natives from other European countries. At the very core, these immigrants sought a better life for themselves and their families. The very act of moving such vast distances in search of a better life signifies the immigrant’s pursuit of the American dream. The experiences of these immigrants, for instance, John Bergson, speak a lot about the hard times they were willing to endure: â€Å"Bergson had spent his first five years on the Divide getting into debt, and the last six getting out† (Cather 34). The early immigrants, in their pursuit of the American dream, gave their all; the harsh climate and the extreme hard work involved in taming the wild lands of Nebraska took a toll on their health and even lives. Most of the early immigrants died early or were plagued by diseases in their middle ages; for instance, Bergson dies at a comparatively young age of forty-six years, having spent his entire life trying to better it. Ivar, o nce a prosperous farmer on the Divide, eventually loses his farm and stock due to the harsh and unpredictable weather conditions, leaving out his last days as a helper at Alexandra’s home. Therefore, for some characters like John Bergson and Ivar, the American dream is hardly realized in their lifetime; John Bergson’s children are the ones who eventually get to live the stable and prosperous lifestyle that their father might have envisioned. The American dream is also realized by the acts of various characters in the novel. The American dream encompasses acts of benevolence and humanity that make society better and Alexandra’s actions portray this. From a young age, she shows a desire to make the lives of those around her better. She takes care of her younger brother, Emil, in the beginning of the novel and exhibits a leadership streak at an early age. When their father dies, she is designated as the head of the family ahead of her brothers, Lou and Oscar. Subse quently, for nearly two decades, she leads the Bergson family towards prosperity. She is friendly and offers food and shelter to some members of the community at the Divide for whom the famine and draught has taken a huge toll.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on In pursuit of the American dream: an analysis of Willa Cather’s O Pioneers specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Alexandra practices modern farming techniques that make her farm prosperous and she shares her fortunes with the less fortunate members of the society. Emil, her younger brother, also displays selfless attitudes by refusing to pursue a romantic interest in Marie Shabata. Actually, Emil moves away from the Divide in order to give Marie’s marriage the respect that it deserves. Although Marie’s husband, Frank, in a fit of jealousy later shoots him, Emil does not fall into the temptation of courting another man’s wife even thou gh both he and Marie had a deep affection for each other. Furthermore, Alexandra’s benevolence appears again when she pardons Frank even after he murders her brother, Emil. Amongst the many reasons that immigrants had for immigrating to the US in the 1800s, the quest for a new life experience; a new start, was prominent. By themselves, the immigrants were adventurers, ready for the challenge that new lands and climate offered. For instance, Alexandra describes her own mother’s willingness and readiness for challenge aptly. She states that, if her mother â€Å"were cast upon a desert Island, she (the mother) would thank God for her deliverance, make a garden, and find something to preserve† (Cather 58). Almost as an innate characteristic, most of the immigrants were adventurous and were always ready to take up any challenge that settlement in a new environment brought. Even in the settled lands of America, many of the immigrants were always moving from one locali ty to another in search of better land for farming, better jobs, and better weather conditions (Post 460). For instance, Carl Linstrum and his family move from the Divide when his father secures a better job at a cigar factory, and this almost nomadic nature of the early settlers drove them initially to move away from their European countries. In conclusion, O Pioneers by Willa Cather is a fitting tribute to the adventurous spirit that immigrants to the US have always had. In search of a better life, many immigrants, as shown in the novel, made huge sacrifices in an attempt to live the American dream. One is tempted to believe that, the sense of adventure, sacrifice, and benevolence captured in the novel have run through the generations to this day, bequeathing to the US a characteristic that makes it the great nation that it is today.Advertising Looking for essay on american literature? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Works Cited Cather, Willa. O Pioneers. New York: Vintage Books, 1992 Post, Charles. â€Å"Agrarian Class Structure and Economic Development in Colonial British North America: The Place of the American Revolution in the Origins of US Capitalism.† Journal of Agrarian Change 9.4 (2009): 453-483. Veracini, Lorenzo. â€Å"The Settler-Colonial Situation.† Native Studies Review 19.1 (2010): 101-118. This essay on In pursuit of the American dream: an analysis of Willa Cather’s O Pioneers was written and submitted by user Jasmin Finch to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

10 Argumentative Essay Topics on Managing Conflict

10 Argumentative Essay Topics on Managing Conflict If you are tasked with writing about conflicts and management, you need to include some useful information. That is why you will find 10 facts that might be of use to you in your next writing task: There are many forms of management. Inside of each is a different way to handle conflicts in the workplace. In some cases, management styles borrow from one style. They then adapt another to suit the needs their organization has. This is done so that conflicts are mitigated and resolved. When companies seek to manage conflict among employees/employers it is important to follow human resource policies. This requires the appropriately trained and designated human resource representative. They must be in charge of all conflict management processes within the workplace. In conflict management, there are various outcomes possible, including that of win-lose, lose-lose, or win-win. It is the goal of good conflict management to discuss all options. It is the goal to encourage compromise between the affected parties in order to ensure a win-win outcome. The majority of office place policies for managing conflict revolve around mediation. This is where the affected parties are able to find a safe space. They are able to discuss their respective sides, in search of finding common ground. This revolves around positive communication. Communication is often the cause of the problem related to office conflict. This means that employees will make statements which are misinterpreted or not clearly stated to other employees. This leads to poor communication on top of poor communication. In many professional cases, simply having a space where misconceptions can be discussed and acknowledgements for mistakes made resolves the issues. It is natural for people to seek acknowledgement that a boss. For example, was unclear in directions and that is what led to a project not being followed as the boss wanted rather than the boss telling the employee they made a mistake when they in fact did not. In the modern workplace, men still earn an average of 30% more than women. This is due to two things. The first is that women take more days off for personal reasons. The second is that men negotiate more aggressively during salary negotiations. Men also prove more aggressive during promotional negotiations. This raises conflicts among groups where diversity exists. Men directing women in the workplace with a command are not respective of the sexism or misogyny in their tones or word choices. Women, as a result, are forced to either tolerate the impropriety or stand up for themselves. When women stand up for themselves in the workplace it is perceived that they are â€Å"emotional†. Other choice explicative words are used to describe headstrong women in this situation as well. This creates conflict between team members. This also creates conflict between leaders. This conflict requires conflict management. This is administered by human resources. If no human resources departme nt exists companies must find leaders among their staff. Executives- for example- can be tasked with mediating conflict. With the rise of online communication, cyberbullying in the workplace is more prevalent than ever. More than three million jobs were posted on the most highly ranked freelance website in the world last year. This figure has only risen with time. All signs suggest it will continue to do so. That being said, those who hire freelancers often use the lack of face-to-face communication for bullying. This bullying comes in many forms. Some people are rude online because they have no HR representatives to hold them accountable. Others are rude or unprofessional. They do this because they believe that paying someone for a simple job gives them control over that person. Others know they will not be held accountable for their lack of action. Some know they will not be held accountable for their actions. In such cases people may use aggressive demands, threats, or cursing when communicating. This conflict does not always get settled. If there are no proper channels or HR representatives to help mediate, resolutions may be non-existent. Such behavior leads to high rates of turnover among freelance individuals and those clients hiring them. Another issue involved in freelance workplace conflicts is that of gender. Men and women alike behave and communicate differently to men versus women. Women and man alike will avoid excuses and be respectful, professional, and kind toward those bosses or clients they believe are men. When it is known that the freelancer or client is a women, other women will provide excuses and be lackadaisical in their work. Men, on the other hand, will be more condescending. This form of cyber bullying causes conflicts too. Diversity is something for which companies strive. This same diversity leads to many workplace conflicts. People who come from different backgrounds have different cultural principles and behaviors. In the modern workplace, a man from an Eastern European or Middle Eastern culture may think it perfectly acceptable to treat women differently. They may have been raised to treat women as a second class. This creates severe workplace conflict among gender diverse teams. Those same men will talk down to women. They will overlook them when it comes to promotional opportunities. They will give them more administrative and menial tasks in a group project. All of this stems from differences in culture. The problem arises when more than one culture is forced to work together. In such situations, the prevailing belief that women are beneath men ruptures between the team members. This creates a conflict which falls upon the shoulders of management to resolve. Workplace conflicts exist when individuals do not feel that their voices are heard. If a boss provides unclear parameters for a project the employee has only that to use. They might complete the project to the best of their abilities. The boss might then include new parameters and demand changes. The individual may seek simple acknowledgement from the boss that the boss was responsible for not providing explicit instructions. In such cases the boss often ignores this, fails to administer acknowledgement or an apology, and the conflict erupts. Not apologizing or accepting responsibility for actions causes a great deal of workplace conflict. This can be resolved by guilty parties simply acting in mature/professional fashions and apologizing. Having HR can be a big help here. These facts should provide you with solid foundation to write your argumentative essay on managing conflict. Don’t forget to check our 20 topics together with a  sample essay and guide on how write one, we have those too! References: Foster, D.E. (2002). A Method of Comparing Follower Satisfaction with the Authoritarian, Democratic, and Laissez-faire Styles of Leadership..  Communication Teacher  16  (2): 4–6. Gordon, Jack.  The Pfeiffer Book Of Successful Conflict Management Tools. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass/Pfeiffer, 2003. Print. Hubbartt, William S.  The New Battle Over Workplace Privacy. New York: AMACOM, 1998. Print. Lebedun, Jean.  Managing Workplace Conflict. West Des Moines, IA: American Media Pub., 1998. Print. Martindale, N (2011). Leadership Styles: How to handle the different personas.  Strategic Communication Management  15  (8): 32–35. McConnon, Shay, and Margaret McConnon.  Conflict Management In The Workplace. Oxford: How To Books, 2008. Print. Woods, A.P. (2010). Democratic leadership: drawing distinctions with distributed leadership.  International Journal of Leadership in Education  7  (1): 3–36.

Oce 1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Oce 1 - Essay Example Economically, fossil fuels have become expensive to the extent that it influences greatly the prices of other commodities. To help address the issue, world leaders have been advocating for measures aimed at limiting the use of fossil fuels as a source of energy. This was evident when world leaders with the exception of the U.S. gathered in Kyoto in 2005 in an attempt to come up with an amicable solution to the problem (Krà ¼ger 5). This led to the signing of the Kyoto protocol, which advocated for the use of renewable sources of energy as opposed to fossil fuels. Despite the U.S. not being among the countries that took part in the signing of the Kyoto Protocol, it is finding unwise to rely much on fossil fuels as its main source of energy (Krà ¼ger 8). This is because it is creating economic hardships, as well as environment problems that make the U.S. venerable to many natural calamities such as droughts and extreme flooding among others. As a result, Krà ¼ger notes that the government has recognized the need to increase funding for harnessing alternative sources of energy (8). In this regard, the government is finding it viable to invest more on renewable sources of energy that scientists argue, are more efficient and environmental friendly. This paper will discuss the need for the government of the United States to provide assistance in the harnessing of solar and wind power. Most Americans and scientists agree that in order to fight global warming and achieve energy independence, the U.S. has to avoid the use of fossil fuel and adopt the use of other renewable sources of energy that are efficient and cost effective. These include solar energy, wind power, hydroelectric power, and biomass. Reports show that overreliance on fossil fuels is becoming a big threat to the U.S. economy and the environment (Winkler par.2). The impacts of fossil fuels use on the environment include the

Legalizing marijuana for recreational use Speech or Presentation

Legalizing marijuana for recreational use - Speech or Presentation Example This can be put into a few basic facts. Both Washington’s Initiative 502 and Colorado’s Amendment 64 which legalized cannabis for people aged 21 and above, proposed a relatively heavy taxation on the drug. They called for a 25 percent tax rate to be imposed on the product three times; from grower to processor, from processor to retailer, and from retailer to customer, (Smith 1). While it is not clear the amount of revenue this would raise, estimates for this measure are out at about $500 million. According to a study carried out by the Colorado Center on Law and Policy, about 13 percent of people in Colorado use the substance. This translates to about half a million people. By legalizing this retail market, the regulation could raise about $46 million in combined local and state revenue between excise and sale taxes. In California, a similar measure in 2010 known as Proposition 19 was estimated to earn $352 million in tax revenue annually, (Smith 1). This revenue can go to a state fund where it can fund the construction of schools. Besides raising revenue, marijuana is used for medical purposes. It is commonly referred to as medical marijuana. According to Stone (1), marijuana has long been utilized in treating ailments that are associated with inflammation and pain. It is also used to relieve symptoms that are related to chronic illnesses such as cancer. For example, for many decades, cannabis has been used to treat glaucoma. It usually lowers the intraocular pressure when treating glaucoma symptoms, and is more effective when smoked, ingested, inhaled, or administered intravenously. Also, the National Cancer Institute (1) recognizes cannabis and its components as a treatment for individuals with cancer-related symptoms. Besides these, medical marijuana has been associated with the treatment of AIDS, multiple sclerosis, epilepsy, anxiety, and chronic pain. The legalization of marijuana could also significantly cut down on crime. On one hand, it i s illegal. On the other hand, the people demand and want to use it. This provides room for a middleman who carries out the illicit trade, and hence crime. Therefore, legalizing marijuana would mean that drug cartels will lose business, there will be less crime in borders since there is no need for trafficking, and crime will ultimately reduce in the streets and in the country. According to former Seattle police chief Stamper (1), this will free up police resources that can be focused on tackling other crimes such as robberies, burglaries, and sexual assaults. However, there needs to be guidelines that control the use of marijuana. These should be in form of legislations. One such legislation made in the California is the Medical Marijuana Regulation, Control and Taxation Act, which stipulates the guidelines for the use of cannabis for medicinal purposes. Other guidelines should include the amount of cannabis that a person can be in possession at any one time, or the number of mariju ana plants that one can plant at his or her backyard. These political guidelines need to be clearly set, implemented, and enacted. Without such guidelines, there would be a total mess with students even â€Å"puffing† on the school corridors just like cigarettes. Therefore, it means that once marijuana is legalized, society has to deal with it. Many opponents to the legalization claim that it draws the path to drug usage in the society. According to Citizens Against the Legalization of

Women and American Revolution Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Women and American Revolution - Essay Example The main distinction was on the basis of races; the blacks and the whites. Even though affected the educational and cultural development of the nation, the American Revolution resulted in the formation of the powerful nation in the world. In the midst of 17th Century the need of women education became prominent and activists began to write books and journals on women rights, and this showed the revolutionary ideology toward women Education. Supporters like Catherine Beecher, established certain institutions to provide women education, when they were confined to work at home. She emphasized on women education by teaching women how to learn their children at home, rather than involving only on household works. The introduction of Oberlin College in 1833 and Seneca Falls Convention in 1848 are considered to be milestones in history of American Women Education. The Convention provided opportunity for women to get educated at home and also criticized the issues of suffrage. For a better educated nation, as the children were first taught by their mothers, better educated women can only educate their children, so it arouse the need for women education. After all the country was in need of a lot number of teachers and male t eachers couldn't be found to fill vacancies. The introduction of religious institutions was another main leap in women education.

Product lifecycle management in aviation maintenance

Product lifecycle management in aviation maintenance A study on the article entitled Product Lifecycle Management in Aviation Maintenance, Repair and Overhaul. This paper analyses the journal based on inputs which is covered in the course Product Design and Development. Further, it explains briefly about Product Lifecycle Management (PLM) and the different phases of PLM over new product development process and also the benefits of PLM over Aviation Maintenance, Repair and Overhaul (MRO) industry. Product Data Management (PDM) application in PLM are also discussed in this paper. Summary of the article The journal has three phases of discussion, first phase is introduction, second phase is the about the activity of PLM and the final phase is about PLM benefits in aviation MRO industry. Phase 1: The competition among the world in new product development leads to data sharing among the enterprise and end users i.e. from ideas, design, manufacturing, customer/installation, service etc. to overcome this PLM is proposed to have proper integration of customer, process, management and data to have control throughout the life cycle period of the product. Nowadays most of the industries have adopted PLM in their design process to the maximum extent when compared to the other process in their product life time. Similarly in Aviation MRO industry, PLM has not yet adapted to the extreme end compare to the design process in the aviation industry. The PLM in aviation MRO industry can be more worthy as the total life period for an aircraft is approximately more over than 30 years. Phase 2: PLM has been divided in to two management phases as shown in figure 1. One is related to enterprise and other is related to product data (virtual enterprise). This article focus on the second phase which integrates computer aided design and manufacturing through PDM. Product Data Management (PDM) system is the division of PLM, which communicate and gather the data from the initial process of concept development to the end life of the product. PDM system organizes the computer aided design tools. PDM archives the customer feedback, engineering data and management data to incorporate the information between the enterprise, customer, service industry and other end user of the product throughout its life time. Second phase of PLM is further divided into four phases. First phase is concept development in which the ideas from customer are organized and designed. Second phase is design. This concentrates on describing, defining, developing the product design based on first phase and finally analyzing and simulation is carried out in design phase. The third phase is manufacturing and marketing where the production, sales and installation process are carried on to produce a new product. The final phase is servicing where maintain and support, removal or disposal i.e. customer support by means of MRO. Figure 1: Different Phases of PLM In general PLM reduce marketing time, improve the product quality in new product as well as in service, centralized product record, cost and waste reduction. Many industries have applied PLM as an initiative and are mostly used in design process. According to a survey detailed in the article, it shows that the usage of PLM and PDM in MRO are very inadequate when compared with design. Phase 3: The adoption of PLM is in very high percentage in automotive and aircraft industry due do life period and the impossibility in prototype; but in aviation service industry the percentage of PLM application implemented is deficient. PLM reduce the normal design and assemble period of aircraft in many aircraft industry. This result in higher percentage of reduction in manufacturing process, but the percentage of reduction in life cycle period is very less. In aviation industry the profit amount of the aircraft is calculated only based on the total life period. It can be obtained only by proper maintenance and repair. From the article it pronounces that over 17000 commercial aircrafts are active at present. The analysis of budget in aviation MRO industry from the year 2005 to 2010 shows a massive increase. This increase in expense is due to inventories in the aviation MRO industry. The profitability of the aviation industry depends on the life span of the aircraft. To have maximum profit in aircraft industry, they need safe operation, adequate maintenance for the parts. PLM in MRO will minimize the time of maintenance, cost and also increase the total life period of the aircraft. Maintenance is the process to achieve reliability, safety and overall performance of the product. There are two types: one scheduled maintenance in which the repair process is scheduled according to the time intervals and second one is unscheduled maintenance and it implies when there is sudden breakdown. Earlier the scheduled and unscheduled maintenance are known as preventive maintenance. In addition to this, maintenance is further classified into On or OFF aircraft maintenance. On maintenance represents repaired within the craft without cancelling the transit. Off maintenance represents the change of parts i.e. overhaul of parts. Here, the temporary part is replaced till the repair process is carried out in the part. The aim of PLM in aviation MRO industry is to have adequate reliability, safety, proper data from OEM for overhaul and this will result in cost reduction. To acquire product reliability and safety in aircraft, both the maintenance processes are to be carried. For proper maintenance the major thing in consideration is product and part manual from Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM). In order to minimize the difficulty of MRO the OEM has to provide the sufficient datas like methods of detailed data of the part, maintenance process, fault identification method, tools required to overhaul and also 3D modeling drawing view of the part. These are accomplished by the PDM which make use computer for safe data transfer from OEM to MRO and also by feedback from customer to OEM and MRO industry. Case studies on different methods of how maintenance, repair and overhaul are carried out in different aviation MRO industry located in Singapore. They described the percentage of inaccuracy in their method of repair. They point out the repair work flow procedure and the different methods of process they carried on for the repair of aviation part. The reason for this inadequate quality of repair is analyzed below in this paper. Journal relation with Product Design and Development The journal related to one of the main area Product Lifecycle Management (PLM) which was covered under the lecture PLM and Product Planning. In addition to PLM Product Data Management (PDM) are also discussed in this article which is a part of PLM. The information from the lecture about the tools PLM and PDM, gave the input how to develop a new product with an efficient lifecycle time i.e. from the process of concept creation to end life of the product or till recycling of the product and also effective data management system. These concepts are related to the service industry which is at the end phase of lifecycle of a product. This helps to identify the benefits and characteristic of PLM in aviation MRO industry. Journal Analysis The impact of Product Lifecycle Management (PLM) in aviation maintenance repair and overhaul (MRO) industry is analyzed in this article. They address the PLM benefits and necessity in MRO industry for effective and accurate quality in repair process. They also analyze the different maintenance process carried on in the aviation industry. Figure 2: Current Scenario Of Data Flow Without Adoption PLM in aviaton MRO industry. In this article they analyzed how they repaired the high pressure blade and outer cover panel. Also it describes the demerits in their method without PLM. It shows the data flow from the OEM to MRO industry is inadequate as shown in the figure 2. Thus it leads to improper Maintenance, repair and overhaul of the part in aircraft. Product Data Management (PDM) system should be applied with PLM for proper flow of information between the OEM to customer, customer to MRO and also MRO to OEM and vice versa. Such feedback from customer end will improve the process in MRO in addition to design of aircraft. Thus the figure 3 represents the flow of data between various processes in aviation industry. It shows the characteristic and benefits on adoption of PLM in service industry. In addition to service process PLM has to be implemented in management activities like Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) and supply chain management (SCM) in aviation industry to increase the total lifecycle time of the new product. Figure 3: Implementaion of PLM with Product Data Management (PDM) in aviaton Industry. The case study done on the aviation MRO industry in Singapore represents the work flow of the repair process carried out on different parts of aircraft. In this, the original part definition data was measured and calculated by coordinate measurement system with the help of a reverse engineer. The measured data was not too accurate when compared to OEM data. This improper method is mainly because of insufficient product data information. This method will lead to poor reliability and safety, life period of the product is thus reduced and also overall life span of the aircraft deteriorates. Further, it leads to poor customer satisfaction and very less profitability to the aviation industry. The influencing factors that affect the MRO industry are insufficient data sharing between the OEM and MRO. To rectify the problem in aviation MRO industry, it is required to adopt PLM system incorporated with PDM. The author suggests adopting the PLM process in MRO industry as the process implemented in design process shows remarkable result in that sector. In addition to design and service, PLM can also be implemented on various processes in the aviation industry which will clearly show a valuable increase in the reliability and safety of the aircraft. It also increases the overall profitability of the product. In addition to this, PLM provides consistent and precise feedback between the OEM, MRO and customers and also between the partners in the enterprise resulting in optimization of the inventory and further improves the efficiency of maintenance by reducing the non-value added tasks. Conclusion PLM activities in the aviation industry have to be analyzed more precisely and research must be carried in various process of aircraft and MRO industry to increase the industries profit and service. In addition to PDM, Collaborative Product Development (CFD), Concurrent Engineering (CE) tools can also be used in future to increase the total life span of the aircraft and MRO industry.

The Internet: An End to the Cultural and Historical Diversity of Style

Introduction: The Internet is a fairly new tool and has been recently increasing in popularity. Where it was once inconceivable that a new way to stay in touch could challenge the telephone, the Internet has managed to do so. With the Internet, one can do nearly anything that one would want to do from keeping in touch with relatives, writing research papers, and watching one's bank account. Generally, everything done over the Internet is quick and effortless. Since the Internet is relatively new, there have been relatively few scientific studies done on it. Therefore, the discussion of the Internet in this paper will be limited to personal experiences and interpretations. This essay will describe a new style of quickness that has emerged as a result of the Internet. The style has been modified and tested by those on the Internet, creating a homogenous way of communicating which is ending the diversity in composition. In turn, the style has affected the Internet, making quickness a priority to services on the web. By looking at common uses of the Internet, it is apparent that a new kind of style based on instant gratification and convenience has emerged, which in turn has influenced the Internet. Communicating Instantaneously: One of the more prevalent services of the Internet is instant messaging, which has helped to shape a style of quickness. There are a plethora of messaging services to choose from, such as AOL's Instant Messenger, ICQ, and MSN Messenger. Instant messaging is exactly what it sounds like- messages are typed and sent instantly to another person. This type of interaction has slowly been replacing the telephone as it allows people to stay in contact over long distances without having to pay a fee. Acco... ... style has also affected the Internet. The need for speed has evolved so that the success of services and other offerings for the Internet, such as connection speed, is highly important. The style of speed in the world of today will become increasingly accepted and used as more and more people join the Internet craze. Footnotes: 1. Beard 2. Beard 3. Pastore 4. Look at the Graph 5. Beard Works Cited: 1. Beard, Marty. "Hello, email, and soon good-bye: Instant messaging becoming way to communicate." February 5, 2002 Â © 2002 Media Life. <http://medialifemagazine.com/news2002/feb02/feb04/2_tues/news4tuesday.html> 2. Gartner Advisory, Web Site Performance, June 2000. 3. Pastore, Michael. "E-Mail Continues Dominance of Net Apps." July 25, 2001. <http://cyberatlas.internet.com/big_picture/applications/article/0,1323,1301_808741,00.html>